CBSE Class 12Subject library

CBSE Class 12 Physics

Chapter-wise notes, previous year papers, sample papers and Q&A for CBSE Class 12 physics — free, syllabus-aligned, exam-ready.

14 chapters~150 min read totalFree · printable

Chapters

14 chapters — sequenced for revision and exam prep.

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Electric Charges and Fields

Charge and its three basic properties, Coulomb's law and superposition, the electric field and its field lines, electric flux, the dipole, and Gauss's law with its standard applications. The Additional Exercises section has been removed from this chapter and from every other chapter of the current Physics book. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 1.

CBSE⏱ 12 minRead chapter

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Potential as a scalar, potential due to point charges and dipoles, equipotential surfaces, potential energy, conductors and dielectrics, and capacitors in series and parallel with their stored energy. The Additional Exercises block has been removed, leaving 11 questions. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 2.

CBSE⏱ 12 minRead chapter

Current Electricity

Drift velocity, Ohm's law and resistivity, the temperature dependence of resistance, internal resistance and terminal voltage, and Kirchhoff's rules applied to networks including the Wheatstone bridge. The Additional Exercises block has been removed, leaving 9 questions. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 3.

CBSE⏱ 10 minRead chapter

Moving Charges and Magnetism

The Lorentz force, circular and helical motion in a magnetic field, the Biot-Savart law, Ampere's circuital law, the solenoid, the force between parallel currents that defines the ampere, and the torque on a current loop. Two topics the chapter's own text still promises — the cyclotron and the toroid — have been removed from it. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 4.

CBSE⏱ 13 minRead chapter

Magnetism and Matter

The bar magnet and its field lines, the magnet as an equivalent solenoid, torque and potential energy of a magnetic dipole, Gauss's law for magnetism, magnetisation and magnetic intensity, and the classification of materials as diamagnetic, paramagnetic or ferromagnetic. The Earth's magnetism, permanent magnets and the hysteresis loop have all been removed. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 5.

CBSE⏱ 11 minRead chapter

Electromagnetic Induction

Magnetic flux, Faraday's law, Lenz's law and its energy argument, motional emf including the rotating rod, mutual and self-inductance, the energy stored in an inductor, and the AC generator. Eddy currents have been removed, and the chapter uses the Earth's horizontal field component that Chapter 5 no longer defines. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 6.

CBSE⏱ 11 minRead chapter

Alternating Current

RMS values, phasors, reactance of inductors and capacitors, the series LCR circuit and resonance, the power factor and wattless current, and transformers. LC oscillations and the sharpness of resonance have been removed, yet an exercise and the chapter's own symbol table still ask for them. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 7.

CBSE⏱ 11 minRead chapter

Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement current and Maxwell's correction to Ampere's law, the nature and speed of electromagnetic waves, and the full spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays with the production and uses of each band. The chapter never defines energy density, yet Exercise 8.10 requires it. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 8.

CBSE⏱ 10 minRead chapter

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Spherical mirrors and the mirror equation, refraction and total internal reflection, refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses, the lens maker's formula and power, the prism, and the compound microscope and telescope. Dispersion, the rainbow and scattering, and the human eye have all been removed, though the Introduction still promises two of them. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 9.

CBSE⏱ 12 minRead chapter

Wave Optics

Huygens principle and wavefronts, reflection and refraction of plane waves, coherence, Young's double-slit interference, single-slit diffraction, and polarisation with Malus' law. Brewster's law, resolving power, Fresnel distance and polarisation by scattering have all been removed, and one exercise is printed without the data it needs. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 10.

CBSE⏱ 10 minRead chapter

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Electron emission and work function, the photoelectric effect and its experimental laws, why the wave theory fails, Einstein's photoelectric equation, the photon, and de Broglie matter waves. The Davisson-Germer experiment, the photocell and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle have all been removed. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 11.

CBSE⏱ 9 minRead chapter

Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering and Rutherford's nuclear model, why the classical atom collapses, atomic spectra, Bohr's three postulates and the hydrogen energy levels, the line spectra, and de Broglie's explanation of the quantisation condition. The named spectral series have been removed, yet an exercise still asks for them. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 12.

CBSE⏱ 9 minRead chapter

Nuclei

Nuclear composition and size, mass defect and binding energy, the binding energy per nucleon curve, nuclear forces, radioactivity, and energy from fission and fusion. Section 13.6 has been cut to a single paragraph, and the decay law, half-life and mean life survive only in the end-of-chapter symbol table. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 13.

CBSE⏱ 10 minRead chapter

Semiconductor Electronics

Energy bands and the classification of solids, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, doping, the p-n junction and its barrier potential, the diode under forward and reverse bias, and half-wave and full-wave rectification. Transistors and logic gates have been removed, though the chapter's own Introduction still promises the transistor. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 14.

CBSE⏱ 10 minRead chapter