ICSE Class 12Subject library

ICSE Class 12 Biology

Chapter-wise notes, previous year papers, sample papers and Q&A for ICSE Class 12 biology — free, syllabus-aligned, exam-ready.

8 chapters~127 min read totalFree · printable

Chapters

8 chapters — sequenced for revision and exam prep.

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Biology — Reproduction, Genetics, Evolution, Biotechnology & Ecology

ISC Class 12 Biology: REPRODUCTION (in plants and humans). GENETICS and EVOLUTION (Mendel's laws, molecular genetics, Darwin). BIOTECHNOLOGY (recombinant DNA, PCR, cloning). ECOLOGY (ecosystems, biodiversity, environmental issues). ISC Class 12 Biology.

ISC⏱ 22 minRead chapter

Reproduction in Organisms

Asexual and sexual reproduction in organisms. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants — pollination, fertilisation, embryo development, and seed formation.

ISC⏱ 15 minRead chapter

Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilisation, pregnancy, parturition, contraception, and reproductive health including STIs and infertility.

ISC⏱ 15 minRead chapter

Genetics and Evolution

Mendels laws, chromosomal theory of inheritance, linkage and crossing over, sex determination, mutations, pedigree analysis, DNA as genetic material, origin and evolution theories, Hardy-Weinberg principle, and human evolution.

ISC⏱ 15 minRead chapter

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, gene expression regulation, the Human Genome Project, and DNA fingerprinting.

ISC⏱ 15 minRead chapter

Biotechnology

Principles of biotechnology, tools including restriction enzymes, vectors and PCR, applications such as Bt cotton, insulin production, gene therapy, GMOs, and ethical issues.

ISC⏱ 15 minRead chapter

Human Health and Diseases

Common diseases in humans, innate and acquired immunity, vaccination, AIDS, cancer, and drug and alcohol abuse.

ISC⏱ 15 minRead chapter

Ecology and Environment

Ecosystem structure and function, food chains and webs, ecological pyramids, biodiversity and conservation, environmental issues including pollution, global warming, and ozone depletion.

ISC⏱ 15 minRead chapter