Our Body — Parts, Sense Organs, and Good Habits
1. External Body Parts
Our BODY has many parts on the OUTSIDE that we can see.
| Part | Function |
|---|---|
| Head | Contains the BRAIN — controls everything |
| Eyes | For SEEING |
| Ears | For HEARING |
| Nose | For SMELLING and BREATHING |
| Mouth | For EATING and SPEAKING |
| Hands | For HOLDING and TOUCHING |
| Legs | For WALKING and RUNNING |
| Feet | For STANDING and BALANCE |
| Fingers | For GRIPPING and FINE movements |
| Teeth | For CHEWING food |
2. The Five Sense Organs
Sense organs help us UNDERSTAND the world around us.
| Sense Organ | Sense | What It Does |
|---|---|---|
| Eyes | Sight (Vision) | See colours, shapes, sizes, light |
| Ears | Hearing | Hear sounds — loud, soft, high, low |
| Nose | Smell (Olfaction) | Smell odours — pleasant or unpleasant |
| Tongue | Taste | Taste food — sweet, sour, salty, bitter, spicy |
| Skin | Touch | Feel — hot, cold, rough, smooth, hard, soft |
'We have FIVE senses. They work TOGETHER to help us understand everything around us.'
3. Eyes — Our Windows to the World
'Your EYES are like a CAMERA. They capture images and send them to your brain!'
Parts of the Eye:
| Part | Function |
|---|---|
| Pupil | The BLACK circle — lets light in |
| Iris | The COLOURED part — controls pupil size |
| Eyelids | PROTECT the eye, keep it moist |
| Eyelashes | Keep DUST out of the eyes |
How to Care for Your Eyes:
- Read in GOOD light — not too dim, not too bright.
- Do NOT sit too close to the TV or computer.
- Wash eyes with COLD water every morning.
- Wear SUNGLASSES in bright sunlight.
- Visit an EYE DOCTOR regularly.
- Eat VITAMIN A rich foods (carrot, papaya, milk).
4. Ears — Our Sound Catchers
'Your EARS catch sound waves and send them to your brain. You can hear THOUSANDS of different sounds!'
How to Care for Your Ears:
- Clean ONLY the OUTER ear with a soft cloth.
- NEVER put sharp objects in your ears.
- Protect ears from VERY loud sounds.
- See a DOCTOR if you have ear pain.
5. Nose — Our Smell Sensor
'Your NOSE can recognise THOUSANDS of different smells — from your favourite food to a warning smell like smoke!'
How to Care for Your Nose:
- Breathe through your NOSE, not your mouth.
- Use a TISSUE or handkerchief.
- Do NOT pick your nose.
- See a doctor if you have a cold or blocked nose.
6. Tongue — Our Taste Tester
'Your TONGUE has TINY bumps called TASTE BUDS. Different parts of the tongue taste DIFFERENT flavours.'
| Taste | Where on Tongue | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Sweet | Tip | Sugar, chocolate, ice cream |
| Sour | Sides | Lemon, tamarind, vinegar |
| Salty | Tip and sides | Chips, salt, pickle |
| Bitter | Back | Bitter gourd (karela), coffee |
7. Skin — Our Touch Sense
'Your SKIN is the LARGEST organ in your body! It covers and protects everything inside.'
What Skin Can Feel:
| Sensation | Examples |
|---|---|
| Hot | Fire, hot water |
| Cold | Ice, cold water |
| Rough | Sandpaper, tree bark |
| Smooth | Silk, glass |
| Hard | Stone, table |
| Soft | Cotton, pet fur |
| Pain | Pinch, cut, burn |
8. Good Habits for a Healthy Body
| Good Habit | Why It Helps |
|---|---|
| Brush teeth twice a day | Prevents CAVITIES |
| Take a bath daily | Keeps SKIN clean and healthy |
| Wash hands before eating | Removes GERMS |
| Eat healthy food | Gives NUTRIENTS for growth |
| Exercise and play | Keeps body FIT |
| Sleep 8-10 hours | RECHARGES the body |
| Drink enough water | Keeps body HYDRATED |
| Wear clean clothes | Prevents INFECTIONS |
| Trim nails regularly | Prevents DIRT from collecting |
9. Common Mistakes
- Thinking the tongue tastes everything in one spot: 'Different parts of the tongue taste DIFFERENT flavours — sweet at the tip, bitter at the back.'
- Ignoring ear care: 'NEVER put cotton swabs or anything inside your ear. You can damage your eardrum!'
- Not washing hands properly: 'Just rinsing is NOT enough. Wash with SOAP for at least 20 seconds.'
- Sleeping too little: 'Children your age NEED 8-10 hours of sleep every night. Your body grows and repairs itself when you sleep.'
10. Key Facts to Remember
- 'We have FIVE sense organs: Eyes, Ears, Nose, Tongue, and Skin.'
- 'Eyes help us SEE. Ears help us HEAR. Nose helps us SMELL. Tongue helps us TASTE. Skin helps us FEEL.'
- 'The tongue has taste buds for sweet, sour, salty, and bitter tastes.'
- 'Skin is the LARGEST organ of the body.'
- 'Good habits keep us HEALTHY — brush, bathe, eat well, exercise, and sleep well.'
11. Self-Test
Q1: Name the five sense organs and what each does.
Q2: What are the four basic tastes? Give one example of each.
Q3: How should you clean your ears?
Q4: Why is sleep important for children?
Q5: Which vitamin is good for your eyes? Name two foods that have it.
Q6: What is the largest organ in the human body?
Q7: List three good habits for keeping your body healthy.
Q8: Which part of the tongue tastes sweet things?
Answers:
A1: Eyes (see), Ears (hear), Nose (smell), Tongue (taste), Skin (touch/feel). A2: Sweet (sugar), Sour (lemon), Salty (salt), Bitter (karela/coffee). A3: Clean only the OUTER ear with a soft, damp cloth. NEVER insert anything inside. A4: Sleep helps the body GROW, REPAIR itself, and REST. Children need 8-10 hours for proper development. A5: Vitamin A. Foods: Carrot, papaya, milk. A6: The SKIN. A7: Brush teeth twice daily, take a bath daily, wash hands before eating, exercise/play, sleep 8-10 hours (any three). A8: The TIP of the tongue.
