The Indian Freedom Movement (1885–1947) — Practice

Question 1

Explain the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930). What was the Dandi March? What was its significance?

Accepted Answer

The CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT was launched by Gandhi in 1930 as a campaign of active, mass non-violent resistance to British laws. DANDI MARCH: On March 12, 1930, Gandhi led a 241-mile march from Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad) to the coastal village of DANDI (Gujarat). After 24 days, on April 6, 1930, Gandhi reached the sea and made SALT — breaking the British Salt Law. SIGNIFICANCE: (1) SALT — a basic necessity used by every Indian — became the SYMBOL of resistance. Even the poorest peasant could relate to it. (2) For the first time, WOMEN participated in large numbers in a civil disobedience campaign. (3) It inspired people across India to break unjust laws — burning of foreign cloth, refusing to pay taxes. (4) International attention: world media covered the march → put pressure on Britain. (5) Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) followed — the British released political prisoners and agreed to allow the manufacture of salt on the coast.

Question 2

Who was Alluri Sitarama Raju? Why is he called 'Manyam Veerudu'?

Accepted Answer

Alluri Sitarama Raju (1897–1924) was a FREEDOM FIGHTER from the Godavari Agency area (Visakhapatnam Agency) of present-day Andhra Pradesh. He is called 'MANYAM VEERUDU' meaning 'Hero of the Forests/Jungle.' RAMPA REBELLION (1922–1924): He led the TRIBAL PEOPLE (Koyas, Kondhs) of the agency areas against British repressive forest laws that denied tribals access to their traditional forest lands. His guerrilla fighters attacked British police stations, captured weapons, and challenged British authority in the dense forests. He inspired the tribals by claiming he had special powers (going into trances, meditation). He was eventually traced and shot dead by British soldiers in 1924. Significance: He is celebrated as the FIRST freedom fighter from Andhra Pradesh and a hero of tribal resistance. The film 'RRR' (2022) by S.S. Rajamouli features him as a protagonist.

Practice — The Indian Freedom Movement (1885–1947)

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