Arithmetic — Percentage, Profit & Loss, Interest — Practice

Question 1

A trader buys an item for ₹940 and sells it for ₹1,128. Find the profit percentage.

Accepted Answer

Profit $=1128-940=188$. Profit \% $=\frac{188}{940}	imes100=20\%$.

Answer: 20%.

Question 2

An item marked at ₹1,600 is sold after a 12.5% discount. Find the selling price.

Accepted Answer

$1600	imes(1-0.125)=1600	imes0.875=₹1{,}400$.

Answer: ₹1,400.

Question 3

Find the simple interest on ₹12,000 at 8% per annum for 2.5 years.

Accepted Answer

$	ext{SI}=\frac{12000	imes8	imes2.5}{100}=₹2{,}400$.

Answer: ₹2,400.

Question 4

An item is sold for ₹2,016 at a loss of 16%. Find the cost price.

Accepted Answer

$	ext{CP}=\frac{2016}{1-0.16}=\frac{2016}{0.84}=₹2{,}400$.

Answer: ₹2,400.

Question 5

A price is increased by 30% and then decreased by 30%. Find the net percentage change from the original price.

Accepted Answer

Net multiplier $=1.30	imes0.70=0.91$, a 9% net decrease — not 0%, since the two 30% changes apply to different base values.

Answer: 9% net decrease.

Question 6

Find the compound interest on ₹5,000 at 20% per annum for 2 years, compounded annually.

Accepted Answer

$	ext{CI}=5000\left[(1.20)^2-1ight]=5000	imes0.44=₹2{,}200$.

Answer: ₹2,200.

Question 7

Find the difference between compound and simple interest on ₹6,000 at 15% per annum for 2 years, using the direct shortcut.

Accepted Answer

$	ext{CI}-	ext{SI}=6000	imes(0.15)^2=6000	imes0.0225=₹135$.

Answer: ₹135.

Question 8

A shopkeeper marks an item 40% above its cost price and then offers a 20% discount on the marked price. Find the shopkeeper's net profit percentage.

Accepted Answer

Let CP $=100$. Marked price $=140$. Selling price after 20% discount $=140	imes0.80=112$. Profit $=112-100=12$, giving a 12% profit — not simply $40\%-20\%=20\%$, since the discount applies to the marked price, not the cost price.

Answer: 12% profit.

Practice — Arithmetic — Percentage, Profit & Loss, Interest

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