Syllogism (incl. New Pattern) — Practice

Question 1

Statements: All books are pens. Some pens are red. Conclusions: (I) Some books are red. (II) All pens are books. Which follow?
(a) Only I  (b) Only II  (c) Both  (d) Neither

Accepted Answer

Books inside pens; red overlaps pens but need not touch books. (I) not forced — red can sit outside books. (II) contradicts 'books inside pens'.

Answer: (d) Neither.

Question 2

Statements: Some cats are dogs. No dog is a cow. Conclusions: (I) Some cats are cows. (II) No cat is a cow. Which follow?
(a) Only I  (b) Only II  (c) Either I or II  (d) Neither

Accepted Answer

Cats may or may not extend into cows — both diagrams are legal. The conclusions are complementary and exhaustive.

Answer: (c) Either I or II.

Question 3

Statements: All pens are inks. No ink is red. Conclusion: No pen is red. Does it follow?
(a) Follows  (b) Does not follow  (c) Possibility only  (d) Data insufficient

Accepted Answer

Pens inside inks; inks separate from red ⇒ pens separate from red.

Answer: (a) Follows.

Question 4

Statements: Some A are B. All B are C. Conclusion: 'All A being C is a possibility.' Does it follow?
(a) Yes  (b) No  (c) Only if some A are C  (d) Never

Accepted Answer

A can be drawn entirely inside C while overlapping B, breaking no statement.

Answer: (a) Yes — the possibility follows.

Question 5

Statements: No table is a chair. No chair is a desk. Conclusion: No table is a desk. Does it follow?
(a) Follows  (b) Does not follow  (c) Either/or  (d) Both parts true

Accepted Answer

Two negatives give nothing definite — tables and desks could overlap or not.

Answer: (b) Does not follow.

Question 6

'Only a few students are toppers' implies which pair?
(a) All students are toppers  (b) Some students are toppers AND some students are not toppers  (c) No student is a topper  (d) All toppers are students

Accepted Answer

'Only a few' = some are AND some are not — it explicitly denies 'all'.

Answer: (b).

Practice — Syllogism (incl. New Pattern)

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