Legal Language, Translation, Essay and General Knowledge — Practice

Question 1

Give the Hindi words for plaintiff and defendant.

Accepted Answer

वादी (plaintiff) and प्रतिवादी (defendant).

Question 2

What does 'audi alteram partem' mean?

Accepted Answer

Hear the other side.

Question 3

Explain 'ratio decidendi' and 'obiter dicta'.

Accepted Answer

Ratio decidendi is the binding legal reason of a decision. Obiter dicta are remarks made in passing that are persuasive but not binding.

Question 4

State four rules for a précis of a judgment extract.

Accepted Answer

Read twice and mark the issue, holding and reasons; keep the legal meaning including modal words; write in the third person in simple sentences with a title; cut to about one-third.

Question 5

State four rules for translating a legal passage.

Accepted Answer

Read the whole sentence first; keep the legal meaning; keep tense and number; use standard legal terms and do not translate names, section numbers or case names.

Question 6

Outline a legal essay on pendency of cases.

Accepted Answer

Open with the backlog in courts. Define pendency and tie it to Article 21 and speedy trial, citing Hussainara Khatoon (1979). Causes: shortage of judges, adjournments, weak infrastructure and delay in investigation. Effects: loss of faith and long detention of undertrials. Responses: Section 89 CPC, Lok Adalats, BNSS timelines and e-courts, with the limit that capacity is still short. Close with case management and a return to the opening.

Question 7

How should a candidate prepare legal current affairs?

Accepted Answer

Keep a notebook with the case name, year, court and the holding in one line, grouped by subject such as constitutional law and criminal law. Add new codes and recent Acts with their commencement. Revise weekly and link each entry to the syllabus topic it affects.

Question 8

What does 'ubi jus ibi remedium' mean?

Accepted Answer

Where there is a right, there is a remedy.

Practice — Legal Language, Translation, Essay and General Knowledge

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