How do Organisms Reproduce? — Practice

Question 1

Name the mode of reproduction in yeast.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Yeast reproduces by budding.

✦ Answer: budding.

Question 2

Name the male and female reproductive parts of a flower.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Male: stamen; Female: carpel (pistil).

✦ Answer: stamen (male), carpel (female).

Question 3

Where does fertilisation occur in the human female body?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — In the fallopian tube (oviduct).

✦ Answer: fallopian tube.

Question 4

Why is variation beneficial to a species though not always to the individual?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Variation may not help a single individual in current conditions.

Step 2 — But if conditions change, some varied individuals survive, so the species persists.

✦ Answer: variation improves the species' chances of surviving environmental change.

Question 5

Give two advantages of vegetative propagation.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Plants that do not produce viable seeds (e.g. banana) can be grown.

Step 2 — Offspring are genetically identical, preserving desirable traits, and flower/fruit earlier.

✦ Answer: propagates seedless plants and preserves desirable traits (faster flowering).

Question 6

Differentiate self-pollination and cross-pollination.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Self-pollination: pollen transferred within the same flower/plant.

Step 2 — Cross-pollination: pollen transferred to a different plant, usually via wind, water or insects.

✦ Answer: same flower vs different plant (via agents).

Question 7

Describe fertilisation in a flowering plant and the fate of the ovule and ovary.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — After pollination the pollen grain grows a pollen tube down the style to an ovule.

Step 2 — The male gamete fuses with the egg to form a zygote (fertilisation).

Step 3 — The ovule develops into a seed and the ovary into a fruit.

✦ Answer: gamete fusion via pollen tube; ovule→seed, ovary→fruit.

Question 8

What is menstruation and why does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Each cycle the uterus lining thickens to receive a fertilised egg.

Step 2 — If the egg is not fertilised, the lining and blood are shed through the vagina.

Step 3 — This monthly shedding (~28-day cycle) is menstruation.

✦ Answer: shedding of the unused uterine lining when fertilisation does not occur.

Question 9

Why are barrier methods of contraception considered doubly useful?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Barrier methods (condoms) physically prevent sperm meeting the egg, avoiding pregnancy.

Step 2 — They also prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (including HIV).

✦ Answer: they prevent both pregnancy and STDs.

Question 10

How is regeneration different from reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Step 1 — Regeneration regrows lost body parts (or a whole body from a piece) using specialised cells.

Step 2 — It is not the normal mode of producing new individuals for most such organisms.

✦ Answer: regeneration restores/ regrows the body; it is not the routine reproduction of the species.

Practice — How do Organisms Reproduce?

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