Profit, Loss & Discount — Practice

Question 1

An article costing ₹450 is sold at a profit of 16%. The selling price is:
(a) ₹506  (b) ₹512  (c) ₹522  (d) ₹530

Accepted Answer

SP = 450 × 1.16 = 450 × 29/25 = 18 × 29 = 522.

Answer: (c) ₹522.

Question 2

The single discount equivalent to successive discounts of 25% and 12% is:
(a) 37%  (b) 34%  (c) 33%  (d) 31%

Accepted Answer

Net = 25 + 12 − (25×12)/100 = 37 − 3 = 34%.

Answer: (b) 34%. (37% is the planted sum.)

Question 3

A trader marks his goods 60% above cost and allows a discount of 25%. His net gain is:
(a) 20%  (b) 25%  (c) 35%  (d) 15%

Accepted Answer

Factors: 8/5 × 3/4 = 6/5 → 20% gain.

Answer: (a) 20%.

Question 4

A man sells two watches at ₹1,955 each — one at 15% profit, the other at 15% loss. Overall he has:
(a) no profit, no loss  (b) 2.25% loss  (c) 2.25% profit  (d) 1.5% loss

Accepted Answer

Same SP, ±15% ⇒ always a loss of x²/100 = 225/100 = 2.25%.

Answer: (b) 2.25% loss. 'No profit no loss' is the trap.

Question 5

A grocer sells rice at cost price but uses a weight of 800 g instead of 1 kg. His gain per cent is:
(a) 20%  (b) 25%  (c) 40%  (d) 8%

Accepted Answer

Gain% = (1000 − 800)/800 × 100 = 200/800 × 100 = 25%.

Answer: (b) 25%. (20% comes from wrongly dividing by 1000.)

Question 6

Selling an article for ₹1,710 causes a 10% loss. To gain 10%, the selling price should be:
(a) ₹1,881  (b) ₹2,090  (c) ₹2,100  (d) ₹1,900

Accepted Answer

CP = 1710 ÷ 0.9 = 1900.

New SP = 1900 × 1.10 = 2090.

Answer: (b) ₹2,090. (₹1,881 = 1710 × 1.1 — the SP→SP trap.)

Question 7

If the cost price of 30 articles equals the selling price of 24 articles, the gain per cent is:
(a) 20%  (b) 24%  (c) 25%  (d) 30%

Accepted Answer

Gain% = (30 − 24)/24 × 100 = 6/24 × 100 = 25%.

Answer: (c) 25%.

Question 8

A shopkeeper allows a 10% discount and still makes a 17% profit. If the article cost him ₹900, the marked price is:
(a) ₹1,170  (b) ₹1,180  (c) ₹1,155  (d) ₹1,200

Accepted Answer

SP = 900 × 1.17 = 1053.

MP = SP ÷ 0.9 = 1053/0.9 = 1170.

Answer: (a) ₹1,170.

Question 9

By selling 45 oranges, a vendor gains an amount equal to the selling price of 9 oranges. His gain per cent is:
(a) 20%  (b) 25%  (c) 16.67%  (d) 30%

Accepted Answer

SP(45) − CP(45) = SP(9) → SP(36) = CP(45).

Per-orange ratio SP/CP = 45/36 = 5/4 → gain 25%.

Answer: (b) 25%.

Question 10

A trader claims a profit of 20% calculated on the selling price. His actual profit on the cost price is:
(a) 20%  (b) 22%  (c) 25%  (d) 16.67%

Accepted Answer

Profit = 20% of SP ⇒ CP = 80% of SP ⇒ profit/CP = 20/80 = 25%.

Answer: (c) 25%. (Formula: p/(100−p) × 100.)

Question 11

An item is marked at ₹2,000. Which yields the higher SP: a single discount of 35%, or successive discounts of 25% and 10%?
(a) single 35%  (b) successive 25% & 10%  (c) both equal  (d) cannot be determined

Accepted Answer

Single 35%: SP = 2000 × 0.65 = 1300.

Successive: 2000 × 0.75 × 0.9 = 1350.

Successive discounts of the same nominal total always leave a HIGHER SP (smaller net discount: 32.5% vs 35%).

Answer: (b).

Practice — Profit, Loss & Discount

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