Food — Practice

Question 1

Name three microorganisms that spoil food.

Accepted Answer

Bacteria, fungi or mould, and yeast.

Question 2

Give two Tamil examples of sun-dried preserved food.

Accepted Answer

Vathal and vadagam.

Question 3

Which deficiency disease is caused by lack of protein?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor, which causes poor growth and a swollen belly.

Question 4

Which nutrient builds and repairs the body?

Accepted Answer

Protein.

Question 5

Name two biotic and two abiotic factors that spoil food.

Accepted Answer

Biotic: bacteria and fungi. Abiotic: warm temperature and humidity. Every abiotic factor works by making conditions easier for the microorganisms.

Question 6

Why does drying preserve food, and why does pickling?

Accepted Answer

Drying removes the moisture microorganisms need in order to grow. Pickling uses salt, oil or vinegar to create conditions in which they cannot survive.

Question 7

A child cannot see in dim light. Name the deficiency and two foods that would correct it.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A deficiency, called night blindness. Carrot and papaya would help, as would mango and green leafy vegetables.

Question 8

What is the difference between best before and expiry date?

Accepted Answer

Best before is about quality: the food is at its best until that date but is usually still safe afterwards. Expiry date is about safety, and after it the food should not be eaten.

Question 9

Drying, pickling and vacuum packing all preserve food. Explain the single idea behind all three.

Accepted Answer

Microorganisms need moisture, suitable conditions and air in order to grow. Each method removes one of these: drying takes away the moisture, pickling makes the conditions hostile with salt or acid, and vacuum packing removes the air.

Question 10

Does refrigeration kill the bacteria on food? Explain what actually happens.

Accepted Answer

No. Refrigeration only slows bacterial growth, so refrigerated food still spoils eventually, just more slowly. Freezing stops growth altogether but does not sterilise the food either.

Question 11

Show how an ordinary South Indian meal can make up a balanced diet.

Accepted Answer

Rice supplies carbohydrate for energy, sambar and dal supply protein for building and repair, vegetables and greens supply vitamins and minerals, a little oil or ghee supplies fat, and curd adds protein and calcium.

Practice — Food

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