Company Rule, the Permanent Settlement and the Bengal Renaissance — Practice

Question 1

Who introduced the Permanent Settlement and in which year?

Accepted Answer

Lord Cornwallis, in 1793.

Question 2

Which reformer led the campaign for the Widows' Remarriage Act of 1856?

Accepted Answer

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

Question 3

Match: Asiatic Society, Fort William College, Hindu College, Calcutta University with their years.

Accepted Answer

Asiatic Society 1784, Fort William College 1800, Hindu College 1817, Calcutta University 1857.

Question 4

What was the dual system in Bengal and why did it fail?

Accepted Answer

From 1765 to 1772 the Company collected revenue while the Nawab was responsible for administration. Power without responsibility led to over-collection and neglect, and the famine of 1770 followed. Warren Hastings ended it in 1772.

Question 5

Describe the Indigo Revolt of 1859 to 1860.

Accepted Answer

Cultivators in Bengal refused to grow indigo under harsh planter contracts. Dinabandhu Mitra's play Nil Darpan exposed the abuses, and the government appointed an Indigo Commission that curbed planters' coercion.

Question 6

Evaluate the effects of the Permanent Settlement on Bengal.

Accepted Answer

It fixed the revenue of zamindars, who were treated as owners, which gave the Company a stable income and created a landlord class loyal to it. But tenants had little protection and rents rose, absentee landlords invested little in land, and the sunset law caused many estates to be sold. The burden on peasants fed revolts such as the Indigo Revolt and the Pabna leagues.

Question 7

Assess the Bengal Renaissance and its limits.

Accepted Answer

Reformers such as Rammohan, Derozio, Vidyasagar and Vivekananda, institutions such as Hindu College and Calcutta University and writers such as Bankim and Tagore changed ideas on women, religion and education. The limits: it was largely urban, upper-caste and Hindu-centred, and had little effect on peasants and Muslims in the countryside.

Question 8

Who led the Santhal Hul of 1855 to 1856?

Accepted Answer

Sidhu and Kanhu.

Practice — Company Rule, the Permanent Settlement and the Bengal Renaissance

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